Zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro ndizvo zvinogadzira zvisungo zvemhando yepamusoro. Zvisinei, zvigadzirwa zvevagadziri vezvisungo zvakawanda zvine mitswe. Sei izvi zvichiitika?

Parizvino, zvirevo zvakajairika zvesimbi dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa necarbon structural steel rods dzinopihwa nesimbi dzemumba ndeizvi φ 5.5- φ 45, huwandu hwakura huri φ 6.5- φ 30. Kune tsaona dzakawanda dzemhando yepamusoro dzinokonzerwa nekuparadzaniswa kwephosphorus, dzakadai sekuparadzaniswa kwephosphorus kwesimbi diki nebhawa. Simba rekuparadzaniswa kwephosphorus uye kuongororwa kwekuumbwa kwemutswe zvinounzwa pazasi kuti zvionekwe. Kuwedzerwa kwephosphorus mudhayagiramu yechikamu chesimbi checarbon kuchavhara nzvimbo yeaustenite uye kunowedzera daro pakati pesolidus neliquidus. Kana simbi ine phosphorus yatonhodzwa kubva mumvura kuenda kune yakasimba, inofanirwa kupfuura nepakati pekupisa kukuru.

Kupararira kwephosphorus musimbi kunononoka, uye simbi yakanyungudutswa ine phosphorus yakawanda (nzvimbo yakaderera yekunyunguduka) izere ne dendrites dzekutanga dzakasimba, izvo zvinotungamira mukuparadzaniswa kwephosphorus. Kune zvigadzirwa zvinowanzova nemakatsemuka panguva yekuumbwa kwechando kana kubudiswa kwechando, kuongororwa kwemetallographic nekuongorora kunoratidza kuti ferrite nepearlite zvakapararira muzvidimbu, uye kune ferrite chena ine banded mu matrix. Kune nzvimbo dzinosanganisirwa dze sulfide dzine light grey light pa banded ferrite. Chimiro che banded che sulfide chinonzi "ghost line" nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa kwesulfide.
Chikonzero ndechekuti nzvimbo ine phosphorus yakakomba inoparadzanisa nzvimbo chena yakajeka munzvimbo yekuwedzera phosphorus. Muchikamu chekugadzira chinoenderera mberi, nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwephosphorus munzvimbo chena, makristaro ecolumnar akapfuma mu phosphorus concentrate, zvichideredza huwandu hwephosphorus. Kana billet yaoma, austenite dendrites inotanga yaparadzaniswa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Phosphorus nesarufa mu dendrites idzi zvinodzikira, asi simbi yakanyungudutswa yakasimbiswa ine phosphorus nesarufa. Inooma pakati pedendrite axes nekuti phosphorus nesarufa zvinhu zvakakwirira. Panguva ino, sulfide inoumbwa, uye phosphorus inonyungudutswa mu matrix. Nekuti phosphorus nesarufa zvinhu zvakakwirira, sulfide inoumbwa pano, uye phosphorus inonyungudutswa mu matrix. Naizvozvo, Nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwephosphorus nesarufa zvinhu, huwandu hwecarbon mu phosphorus solid solution hwakakwira. Kumativi ese ebhandi recarbonaceous, ndiko kuti, kumativi ese enzvimbo yekuwedzera phosphorus, bhandi refu uye rakamanikana repearlite rakafanana nebhandi jena referrite rinoumbwa, uye matishu akajairwa ari pedyo anoparadzaniswa. Pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekupisa, billet ichatambanukira kunzira yekugadzirisa pakati pemashafts, nekuti bhandi referrite rine phosphorus yakawanda, kureva kuti, kupatsanurwa kwephosphorus kuchaita kuti pave nechimiro chebhandi referrite rakafara rakajeka rine chimiro chebhandi referrite rakajeka rakawanda. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kunewo mitsetse yesulfide yakajeka yegrey mubhandi referrite rakajeka rakawanda, iro rinogoverwa nebhandi refu referrite rakawanda resulfide, iro ratinowanzo dana kuti "mutsara wemweya". (Ona Mufananidzo 1-2)

bhaudhi reFlange

Mukuita kwekumonera kunopisa, chero bedzi paine kupatsanurwa kwephosphorus, hazvigoneke kuwana chimiro chakafanana. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, nekuti kupatsanurwa kwephosphorus kwakagadzira chimiro che "ghost line", zvichaderedza hunhu hwezvinhu zvacho. Kupatsanurwa kwephosphorus musimbi yakasungirirwa kabhoni kwakajairika, asi mwero wayo wakasiyana. Kupatsanurwa kwakanyanya kwephosphorus ("ghost line") kuchakonzera mhedzisiro yakaipa kwazvo pasimbi. Zviri pachena kuti kupatsanurwa kwakanyanya kwephosphorus ndiko kunokonzera kupwanyika kwemusoro wechando. Nekuti huwandu hwephosphorus musimbi dzakasiyana hwakasiyana, zvinhu zvine simba nekuoma kwakasiyana. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinoita kuti zvinhu zviburitse kushushikana kwemukati, izvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore kutsemuka. Muzvinhu zvine chimiro che "ghost line", imhaka yekuderera kwekuoma, simba, kureba mushure mekutyoka uye kudzikira kwenzvimbo, kunyanya kudzikira kwekusimba kweimpact, kuti huwandu hwephosphorus muzvinhu hune hukama hwakanaka nechimiro uye hunhu hwesimbi.
Mu "ghost line" tissue iri pakati pemunda wekuona, huwandu hwakawanda hwe sulfide yakatetepa, yakajeka yegrey yakaonekwa ne metallography. Zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi zvinowanikwa musimbi yekuvaka zvinonyanya kuwanikwa muchimiro chema oxides nema sulfides. Sekureva kweGB/T10561-2005 Standard Classification Diagram yeZviri muZvisiri zvesimbi muSimbi, huwandu hwe sulfide hwezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi muClass B i2.5 kana kupfuura. Zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi zvinogona kukonzera kuputika. Kuvapo kwayo kuchakuvadza zvakanyanya kuenderera mberi uye kuomarara kwechimiro chesimbi, nokudaro zvichideredza zvikuru simba repakati pegranular.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti sulfide iri mukati me "ghost line" yesimbi ndiyo inonyanya kutsemuka. Nokudaro, nhamba huru yezvisungo zvakatsemuka mu cold heading uye heat treatment quenching panzvimbo yekugadzira, izvo zvakakonzerwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwe light grey long sulfides. Jira iri risina kurukwa rakaparadza kuramba kwesimbi uye rakawedzera njodzi yekupisa. "Ghost line" haigone kubviswa ne normalizing nedzimwe nzira, uye zvinhu zvisina kuchena zvinofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba zvisati zvanyungudutswa kana zvinhu zvisina kucheneswa zvichipinda muchirimwa. Zvichienderana nekuumbwa uye kushata, zvinhu zvisina kucheneswa zvinokamurwa kuita alumina (type A) silicate (type C) uye spherical oxide (type D). Chitarisiko chayo chichagura kuramba kwesimbi uye kuita makomba kana mapanga mushure mekubviswa, izvo zviri nyore kugadzira mapanga panguva yechando uye zvinokonzera kushushikana panguva yekupisa, nokudaro zvichikonzera kudzima mapanga. Naizvozvo, zvinhu zvisina kucheneswa zvinofanirwa kudzorwa zvakasimba. Zvishongo zveCarbon zvemhando yepamusoro zveStructural Carbon Steels GB/T700-2006 uye GB T699-2016 zvemhando yepamusoro zvinopa zvinodiwa kuti zvisanganisirwe zvisina simbi. Kune zvikamu zvakakosha, zvinowanzova A, B, C mhando dzakakora, fine series isingapfuure 1.5, D, D mhando dzakakora uye level 2 hazvipfuure level 2.

Hebei Chengyi Engineering Materials Co., Ltd. ikambani ine ruzivo rwemakore makumi maviri nerimwe mukugadzira nekutengesa zvisungo. Zvisungo zvedu zvinoshandisa zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro, tekinoroji yepamusoro yekugadzira nekugadzira, uye sisitimu yakakwana yekutarisira kuti chigadzirwa chive chemhando yepamusoro. Kana uchida kutenga zvisungo, ndapota taura nesu.