Wese makanika akazvishandisa, asi vazhinji havazive kuti ingani mhando dzakasiyana dzemawashi aripo, ndeapi zvinhu zvaanogadzirwa nazvo, uye mashandisiro azvo. Kwemakore, takagamuchira mibvunzo yakawanda ine chekuita newashers, saka chinyorwa chetekinoroji chekugovera ruzivo pane izvi zvishandiso zvemahara chakanonoka.

Isu nguva pfupi yadarika takafukidza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvigadziriso zvemhando yepamusoro neAutomotive Racing Products, Inc. (ARP), tichinyatsovhara nzungu nemabhaudhi echidzidzo. Iko zvino ndiyo nguva yekupa ruremekedzo kune chikamu chekusimbisa icho chinowanzotorwa sechisina simba, chinozvininipisa washer.

Mundima dzinotevera, tichabata kuti mawashi ndeapi, marudzi akasiyana-siyana emawachi, zvaanoita, magadzirirwo aanoitwa, kupi uye nguva yekuashandisa - uye hongu, tichazokurukura kana washers ari kutungamira kana kwete.

Kazhinji kutaura, washer inongova disk-shaped, wafer-like plate ine buri pakati. Kunyange iyo dhizaini inganzwika seyechinyakare, washers anopa chaizvo basa rakaoma. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa kugovera mutoro wekusungirirwa, senge bhaudhi kana cap screw.

Iwo anogona zvakare kushandiswa se spacers - kana mune dzimwe nguva - anogona kunge ari kupfeka padhi, yekukiya mudziyo, kana kushandiswa kudzikisa vibration - senge rabha washer. Iyo yakakosha washer dhizaini ine dhayamita rekunze iro rakakura zvakapetwa kaviri sedhayamita yemukati yewasher.

Kazhinji yakagadzirwa nesimbi, washers anogona zvakare kugadzirwa epurasitiki kana rabha - zvichienderana nekushandiswa. Mumichina, majoini akavharirwa emhando yepamusoro anoda mawachi esimbi akaomeswa kudzivirira kupinza mukati memajoini. Izvi zvinonzi Brinelling. Aya madiki indentations anogona kupedzisira atungamira mukurasikirwa kwekutanga pane yekusimbisa, kutaura, kana kuwandisa vibration. Sezvo mamiriro acho achienderera mberi, mafambiro aya anogona kukurumidza kupinda mune mamwe mapfekero ayo anowanzo kutsanangurwa se spalling kana galling.

Washers anobatsirawo kudzivirira galvanic corrosion, mamiriro ezvinhu aripo kana mamwe masimbi asangana. Imwe simbi inoshanda seanode, uye imwe se cathode. Kuti udzikise kana kudzivirira izvi kubva pakutanga, washer inoshandiswa pakati pebhaudhi kana nut uye simbi inobatanidzwa.

Mukuwedzera pakugovera zvakaenzana kudzvinyirira pamusoro pechikamu chiri kuchengetedzwa uye kuderedza mikana yekukuvadza chikamu, washers anopawo nzvimbo yakatsetseka kune nut kana bolt. Izvi zvinoita kuti chibatanidza chakasungirirwa chisanyanya kusunungurwa kana chichienzaniswa nepamusoro pekusungirira kusina kuenzana.

Kune mawashi akakosha akagadzirirwa kupa chisimbiso, nzvimbo yekugadzika yemagetsi, kubatanidza chisungo, kubata chisungo chenhapwa, insulate, kana kupa axial pressure kujoinhi. Tichakurukura aya anokosha washer muchidimbu mumashoko ari pasi apa.

Isu takaonawo nzira dzinoverengeka dzekushandisa zvisina kunaka washers sechikamu chemubatanidzwa wakasungwa. Pakave nezviitiko zvakawanda apo mumvuri-muti mechanics vakashandisa mabhaudhi kana nzungu dzakanyanya kudiki mudhayamita kune chikamu chavari kujoinha. Muzviitiko izvi, washer ine dhayamita yemukati inokodzera bhaudhi, asi, haibvumiri musoro webhaudhi kana kuti nati kuti itsvedze nepakati pechikamu chechikamu chiri kubatanidzwa. Uku kukumbira dambudziko uye hazvifanirwe kuedzwa chero kupi zvako pamotokari yemujaho.

Kazhinji kazhinji, makanika achashandisa bhaudhi yakarebesa, asi isina tambo dzakakwana, iyo isingatenderi kuti mubatanidzwa usimbiswe. Kuisa mawachi mashoma pane shank sespacer kusvikira nati yagona kusimbiswa inofanirawo kudzivirirwa. Sarudza kureba kwakakodzera kwebhaudhi. Kushandisa washers zvisina kunaka kunogona kutungamirira kukuvara kana kukuvara.

Kazhinji kutaura, kune marudzi akati wandei emawachi anogadzirwa munyika nhasi. Mamwe akanyatsogadzirwa kuti ashandiswe pamajoini ehuni asi mamwe ari echinangwa chepombi. Kana zvasvika kune zvinodiwa nemotokari, nyanzvi yeR&D yeARP, Jay Coombes, anotiudza kuti kune marudzi mashanu chete anoshandiswa mukugadzirisa mota. Kune plain washer (kana flat washer), fender washer, split washer (kana lock washer), star washer, uye isa washer.

Sezvineiwo, iwe hauzowana yakakamurwa washer muARP's hombe yekusimbisa inopihwa. "Iwo anonyanya kubatsira nemadiki madhiyamita masimbi mumamiriro emutoro wakaderera," Coombes akatsanangura. ARP inotarisana nepamusoro-inoita mijaho yekumisikidza inoshanda pasi pemamiriro epamusoro emujaho. Kune misiyano yemhando idzi dzewashi dzinoshanda zvinangwa, senge plain washer ine serrations pazasi.

Washer (flat washer) ndiye murevereri anofarirwa pakati pemusoro webhaudhi (kana nzungu) nechinhu chiri kusungirirwa. Chinangwa chayo chikuru ndechekuparadzira mutoro wesimbi yakasimbiswa kudzivirira kukanganisa kujoining surface. "Izvi zvakanyanya kukosha nealuminium zvikamu," Coombes anodaro.

IAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI) yakapa seti yezviyero zvekushandisa zvakajairika, washers akajeka anodaidzira marudzi maviri. Type A inotsanangurwa sewasher ine kushivirira kwakakura uko kurongeka kusingakoshese. Type B iwachi rakati sandara rine twunoshivirira uko madhayamita ekunze anoiswa muchikamu seakatetepa, akajairwa, kana akafara kune akatevedzana mabhaudhi saizi (yemukati dhayamita).

Sezvatakambotaura, washers akaomesesa kupfuura tsananguro iri nyore kubva kune rimwe sangano. Kutaura zvazviri, pane akati wandei. Sosaiti yeMotokari Engineers (SAE) inoronga washers akajeka mukukora kwezvinhu, ane madhayamita madiki emukati nekunze zvichienzaniswa nematsananguriro akaitwa nesangano reUnited States Standards (USS)

Izvo zviyero zveUSS ndizvo zviyero zve inch-based washers. Iri sangano rinoratidza washer mukati nekunze kwedhayamita kuti igare yakakora kana shinda dzebhaudhi. USS washers anowanzo shandiswa mumashandisi emotokari. Nemasangano matatu anotsanangura zviyero zvitatu zvakasiyana zvemawashi akajeka, zvakajeka, washers akaomesesa kupfuura kutaridzika kwayo kungaita kuti chero munhu atende.

Zvinoenderana neARP's Coombes, "Saizi uye mhando yewachi pachayo inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Inofanirwa kuve neukobvu hwakakwana uye saizi yekugovera zvakanaka mutoro. " Coombes anowedzera, "Zvakakosha zvakare kuti washer ivhu rakafanana uye rakati sandara kune izvo zvakakosha zvikumbiro zvine torque yakakwirira mitoro. Chero chimwe chinhu chinogona kukonzera kusaenzana preloading. "

Aya mawachi ane dhayamita yekunze-yakakura zvichienderana negomba rayo repakati. Iyo zvakare yakagadzirirwa kugovera iyo clamping force, asi nekuda kwehukuru hukuru, mutoro unotepfenyurwa pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura. Kwemakore mazhinji, mawachi aya aishandiswa kubatanidza mafenda kumotokari, nekudaro zita. Fender washers inogona kunge iine dhayamita yakakura yekunze, asi inowanzogadzirwa kubva kune yakaonda-gauge zvinhu.

Split washers ane axial flexibility uye anoshandiswa kudzivirira kusunungura nekuda kwekudengenyeka. Mufananidzo kubva www.amazon.com.

Split washers, anonziwo chitubu kana kukiya washers, ane axial flexibility. Aya anoshandiswa kudzivirira kusunungura nekuda kwekudengenyeka. Pfungwa iri kuseri kwekupatsanurwa washers iri nyore: Inoita sechitubu kuisa kumanikidza pane chinhu chakabatanidzwa uye musoro webhaudhi kana nati.

ARP haigadziri mawachi aya nekuti akawanda mabhanhire anotamba mabasa akakosha muinjini, drivetrain, chassis, uye kuturika zvakasimbiswa kune chaiyo torque spec, uchishandisa iyo yakakodzera clamping simba. Iko kushoma kana mukana weiyo fastener kusunungura pasina kushandisa chishandiso.

Mazhinji mainjiniya anobvuma kuti chitubu chewachi - kana chanyungudutswa kune yakakwira zvakatemwa - inotambanukira kune imwe nhanho. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, washer yakapatsanurwa icharasikirwa nekukakavadzana kwayo uye inogona kukanganisa kurongeka kwakaringana kurongeka kwakasungwa.

Nyeredzi dzinowacha dzine serrations dzinotambanuka mukati kana kunze kuti dzirume mukati me substrate surface kudzivirira chinosunga kuti chisasununguka. Mufananidzo kubva www.amazon.com.

Nyeredzi washers dzinoshanda chinenge chinangwa chimwe chete seyakapatsanurwa washer. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kudzivirira fastener kubva pakusunungura. Aya mawachi ane serrations anowedzera radially (mukati kana kunze) kuruma mukati mechikamu chechikamu. Nekugadzira, ivo vanofanirwa "kuchera" kune bolt musoro / nut uye substrate kudzivirira kusungirira kubva pakusunungura. Nyeredzi washers anowanzo shandiswa ane mabhaudhi madiki uye screws ane chekuita nemagetsi zvikamu.

Kudzivirira kutenderera, uye nekudaro kukanganisa preload kurongeka, kwakurudzira ARP kugadzira mawasher akakosha akaiswa pasi pasi. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti vabate chinhu chiri kusungirirwa uye vape chikuva chakagadzikana.

Imwe washer yakakosha inogadzirwa neARP ndiyo yekuisa-mhando washer. Iwo akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza pamusoro pemakomba kudzivirira galling kana pamusoro pegomba kudonha. Kushandiswa kwakajairika kunosanganisira misoro yemasilinda, chassis zvikamu, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzekupfeka-pamusoro dzinoda washer.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti lubrication inoita basa rakakosha mukurodha chaiko. Pamusoro pekuisa lubricant patambo dzefastener, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa kadiki pazasi pemusoro webhaudhi (kana nut) kana pamusoro pewachisi. Usambofa wakazora pasi pe washer (kunze kwekunge mirairo yekuisa ichitaura zvimwe) sezvo iwe usingade kuti itenderere.

Kuteerera kune yakakodzera washer kushandiswa uye lubrication chinhu chinokodzera kutariswa kwese zvikwata zvemujaho.

Vaka yako yega tsamba yenhau ine izvo zvaunoda kubva kuChevy Hardcore, zvakananga kubhokisi rako rekutumira, MAHARA!

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